The Archaeology of Woods Canyon Pueblo

1

rubble indicating remains of tower base or masonry circle around end of crack on canyon rim

2

possible linear arrangement of large rocks on canyon rim

3*

possible semicircular arrangement of large rocks on canyon rim

4*

low rubble mound—possibly natural—on canyon rim

5*

checkdam and/or retaining wall across drainage back from canyon rim

6

low retaining wall transverse to slope near canyon rim; parallels No. 7

7

low retaining wall transverse to slope near canyon rim; parallels No. 6

8

rubble mound indicating tower inside walled architectural complex on canyon rim

9*

checkdam and/or retaining wall across drainage back from canyon rim

10

masonry wall enclosing architectural complex on canyon rim

11*

small possible checkdam in drainage back from canyon rim

12

probable room or enclosure attached to No. 13

13

rubble mound indicating large tower inside walled architectural complex on canyon rim

14

wall and possible enclosure attached to inside of No. 10

15

space enclosed by possible masonry walls just south of No. 13

16

remains of rooms or possible small rectangular tower on edge of canyon rim inside walled architectural complex

17*

originally defined as a possible courtyard space within the walled architectural complex on the canyon rim; location not clear—may have been subsumed under another numbered feature

18

multiple-room, multiple-story D-shaped structure on canyon rim within the walled architectural complex; includes base of a tower that originally spanned the space between the canyon edge and a detached boulder (rubble from this tower is on the boulder)

19

remains of masonry wall that extends west from No. 20

20

rubble mound indicating presence of probable D-shaped tower on canyon rim within walled architectural complex

21

sheltered cliff room with standing walls and associated collapsed structures at base of first cliff in west part of site

22*

remnant wall base on ledge just east of No. 21; part of same architectural complex

23

possible kiva and occupation area at base of first cliff

24

probable occupation area, kiva, and retaining wall in relatively level spot at base of first cliff

25

probable kiva location or courtyard area just west of No. 44 at base of first cliff

26

probable kiva location and retaining wall at base of first cliff

27

probable kiva, with retaining walls and associated surface room rubble, located at base of first cliff; small, heavily sooted shelter in cliffs just northwest of rubble mound

28

probable kiva location and diffuse room rubble at base of first cliff

29

large rubble mound with evidence of surface masonry rooms; probably associated with No. 30, just to east

30

partly excavated kiva or kiva-like structure at base of first cliff; includes rubble and probable walls (No. 31) just to east, as well as No. 29 just to west

31*

wall remnants and rubble; part of No. 29-30-31 complex

32

small group of masonry rooms at base of first cliff, with some standing walls and one large beam still in place

33

cliff dwelling complex at base of first cliff, just east and southeast of No. 32; includes a kiva, kiva-enclosing wall, two-story room unit just west of the kiva, and a wall fronting a small natural shelter just north of the kiva (this shelter connects with the No. 51 complex)

34

massive retaining wall on talus slope

35

possible kiva and surface rooms in sloping area at base of ledge on talus slope

36

remains of several retaining walls located on talus slope below No. 35

37

probable kiva depression, room rubble, and retaining wall at base of cliff located part-way down talus slope

38

occupation area with probable kiva location, extensive room rubble, and retaining wall on upper talus slope in western part of site

39

crack in canyon rim in western part of site; provides good access to area at base of first cliff and talus slope; extensive masonry rubble in the crack indicates that some type of structure was present here

40

level area among boulders on first bench below talus top; indications here of rooms and kiva

41

probable kiva and retaining wall in relatively level area on talus slope

42*

relatively level area on talus slope, with remnants of retaining wall on south; wall rubble scarce; kiva possible but no evidence—may be courtyard associated with No. 41

43

large rubble scatter with possible wall outlines visible on talus slope below Nos. 25, 26, and 44; no evidence of kiva

44

wall remnants, rubble at base of first cliff, between Nos. 25 and 26

45

probable retaining-wall remnants on talus slope southeast of No. 26

46*

area of wall rubble in front of slightly overhanging ledge on upper part of talus slope

47

two masonry wall remnants in a small natural shelter just east of main drainage that bisects the site

48

small shelter under ledge on talus slope below No. 33 complex; small wall remnant, two loose construction beams in shelter

49*

small shelter east of No. 48 and under same ledge; a few wall remnants attached to cliff

50*

small shelter in extreme eastern portion of site, at base of first cliff; deeply incised sharpening groove and incised historic period initials on cliff wall in the shelter

51

multiple-story cliff dwelling complex located at base of first cliff and in opening between cliff and large, partly detached rock outlier; includes several rooms and possibly a kiva; probably originally extended up to connect with No. 18 above (most architecture has been removed by erosion; some evidence of pothunting present also)

52*

low rubble mound indicating probable small roomblock, extending south from east portion of No. 13, in walled architectural complex on canyon rim

53*

area of rubble that "bulges" north from No. 10, the enclosing wall of the canyon rim architectural complex; rubble seems too extensive to be just from No. 10, so there may have been some kind of structure here

54*

rubble area north of No. 10 in same area where No.14 extends south from No. 10; there may have been some kind of structure or extension of No. 10 here, but its character is not clear

55

large, open area, probably a plaza, inside the walled architectural complex on the canyon rim

56*

probable remnant of a retaining wall atop a bedrock outcrop on the talus slope

57

small, natural, west-facing shelter in an exposed bedrock ledge that forms the east side of a small drainage on the talus slope; wall remnant preserved in shelter, rubble downslope from it

58*

rubble and possible wall remnants in relatively level area among boulders on talus slope just downslope from No. 40

59

possible occupation area in relatively level area among boulders on talus slope: western portion includes possible kiva location, retaining wall, and concentrations of wall rubble; eastern portion includes abundant wall rubble and possible wall alignments

60

relatively level area among boulders at base of talus slope; possible kiva location and retaining wall; concentration of wall rubble on and among boulders in east part

61-96

numbers unassigned

97

probable kiva depression with wall rubble indicating L-shaped roomblock to west and north, retaining wall or more rooms to south; located at southwest corner of No. 98, an open "plaza" area

98

large, relatively level, open area in canyon bottom portion of site; enclosed by walls and roomblocks; considerable deposition as the result of slopewash

99

well-defined kiva depression with surrounding rubble mound indicating rooms (these are most likely on the west and north of the kiva); located in valley bottom portion of site

100

massive retaining wall made of large slabs and blocks of sandstone, located near base of talus slope

101

remnant of retaining wall at base of talus slope

102*

relatively level area at base of talus slope, with extensive wall rubble to north and west; no visible depression, but there may be a kiva in the "flat spot"

103

large, split boulder with wall rubble on top and around base, indicating that a tower or towers originally stood on the boulder

104

possible kiva depression among boulders at base of talus slope, downslope and west of No. 102; wall rubble to north and east

105

large, open, relatively level area of canyon bottom at base of talus slope, with much slopewash deposition; may have been a plaza area, but it is notable mainly for the absence of large boulders and of traces of architecture

106

probable occupation area with retaining wall on south, space for kiva (though no clear-cut depression), and concentrations of wall rubble; located southeast of No. 108 on valley floor just below base of talus slope

107

occupation area in valley bottom south of large, overhanging boulder; remnant walls in overhang, rubble and possible wall traces in front of it; open area with possible kiva location south of that; retaining wall forms south edge of feature

108

probable occupation area (with kiva?) among boulders at base of talus slope; rubble indicates possible structure atop large boulder at southern edge of feature; retaining walls bound area on north, east, southeast, and west

109

probable occupation area among boulders at base of talus slope, just west of No. 108; retaining wall on south edge; may not be room for a kiva here (no surface evidence of one)

110

rubble with possible wall traces just south of large boulder on valley floor near base of talus slope; unknown whether kiva is also present

111*

extensive concentration of wall rubble, located in canyon bottom; no definite wall alignments visible; possibly associated with No. 112 and/or No. 107

112

relatively level, open area south and southwest of some large boulders; linear rubble distribution in north part of area may indicate roomblock; no clear evidence of a kiva, but one is suspected

113

canyon-bottom architectural complex consisting of prominent east-west-trending rubble mound on north, two deep kiva depressions just south of rubble (only slight separation between the two depressions), and a masonry retaining/enclosing wall south and west of the kivas (western portion of this wall still standing several courses high)

114

kiva/roomblock complex in canyon bottom just north of No. 113: distinct kiva depression is surrounded by rubble, but roomblock is best expressed as east-west-trending rubble mound north of kiva, with possible wings extending south both east and west of the kiva

115

small occupation area in canyon bottom just south of No. 103 boulder; probably a kiva here, but surface expression poor; considerable rubble may indicate rooms at south base of No. 103 boulder, and there are probable roomblocks to east and west

116

large, very deep kiva depression surrounded by masonry rubble in the center of a very "built up" part of the canyon bottom; located south of No. 103 boulder and north and northwest of No. 117 and No. 119 boulders (all three probably had towers on top)

117

large boulder with masonry rubble (probably from collapsed tower) on top; heavy concentration of fallen wall rubble at north base of boulder, adjacent to No. 116 kiva

118

room or enclosed area in space between No. 117 boulder and No. 119 boulder to its east; linear rubble mound forms south boundary, more diffuse rubble concentration, the north boundary

119

large boulder with extensive rubble concentration on top--probable remains of tower and perhaps other structure or structures

120

extensive midden area south of No. 119, with ashy deposits, numerous sherds, and numerous potholes (some made within last few years preceding the survey); abundant rubble along south edge of No. 119 boulder, but large pothole in that location does not show any room walls, so rubble may be from structures on top of boulder; south edge of No. 120 formed by roomblock rubble of Nos. 122 and 123; possible kiva at northwest edge of No. 120 not given separate feature number

121

kiva/roomblock complex just south of No. 117 boulder; prominent kiva depression, with rubble on all sides, but rubble concentration suggests L- or U-shaped roomblock anchored by row of rooms north of kiva

122

kiva/roomblock/tower complex in canyon bottom south of No. 120: wall rubble most concentrated north and east of large kiva depression; retaining wall south of it; rubble associated with boulder southwest of kiva depression may come from a tower and perhaps other structures here

123

shallow kiva depression and associated wall rubble located east of No. 122 and south of No. 120; possible retaining wall on south; rubble mound between Nos. 122 and 123 indicates roomblock, but unclear whether it is associated with the No. 122 kiva or the No. 123 kiva; rubble north of No. 123 kiva also may indicate roomblock

124

exposed wall and rubble concentration at east base of No. 119 boulder; no indication of an associated kiva, but a probable retaining wall does run east from this feature along the south edge of the No. 126 midden

125

kiva depression and associated wall rubble north-northwest of No. 119 boulder; well-developed rubble mound separates No. 125 kiva depression from No. 116 kiva depression; heavy wall rubble along the north edge of the No. 119 boulder, some or all of which may have come down from collapsed structure(s) on top

126

large midden area and small rubble mound on west edge of main drainage, east-northeast of No. 119 boulder: rubble mound is on west-northwest edge of midden area, south side of midden area is bounded (more or less) by rubble indicating probable retaining wall; midden extends past this wall in some areas, and may extend southeast to low overhanging boulder

127

large retaining wall made of massive blocks and slabs of sandstone, along east edge of main drainage; north end of wall may originally have turned west to cross the drainage as a dam, south end appears to terminate at No. 149

128

occupation area on upper part of talus slope east of main drainage, downslope from Nos. 32, 33, and 48; includes a probable kiva depression or "flat spot" with retaining wall to south and an L-shaped roomblock indicated by wall rubble to north and west (wall rubble, retaining walls, and possible kiva location also noted west and southwest of No. 128, but not given separate feature number)

129

probable kiva location with associated rubble: rubble to north is diffuse though abundant; rubble to south may be from retaining wall or rooms

130

probable kiva location with associated rubble: rubble to north is heavy but diffuse; there is a better-defined north-south-trending rubble mound between Nos. 129 and 130, and a high east-west rubble mound along south edge of No. 130; possible rooms or a tower here

131

probable kiva location with associated wall rubble: rubble to north is diffuse but locally heavy; clearer evidence of linear roomblock on east; retaining wall or walls to south

132

kiva location ("flat spot" or very shallow depression) just west of No. 133 kiva depression; remains of a north-south wall separate the two kivas, and an east-west retaining wall is located south of both kivas; heavy masonry rubble to north of both Nos. 132 and 133, but no clear roomblocks discernible

133

kiva location, just east of No. 132; see table entry for No. 132

134

kiva location, with associated wall rubble to north, but no clear-cut roomblock outline discernible; fairly well defined linear rubble mound runs more or less north-south just east of No. 134 and separates it from No. 135 kiva location

135

"flat spot" that may indicate a kiva location, just east of linear rubble mound separating No. 135 from No. 134; possible east-west wall alignment just north of No. 135 kiva location

136

"flat spot" that may represent a kiva location; a well-defined linear rubble mound that probably indicates a roomblock extends north-northwest to south-southeast from east of the No. 131 kiva to east of the No. 136 kiva; diffuse rubble occupies north portion of No. 136, and segments of retaining walls are discernible southeast and southwest of No. 136

137*

Possible kiva location and rubble scatter just east of No. 136 and separated from No. 136 by fairly well defined rubble mound; diffuse rubble scatter occupies north portion of No. 137; traces of possible retaining wall on south edge

138

kiva/roomblock complex: probable kiva location with possible U-shaped roomblock surrounding kiva on west, north, and east; a north-south wall alignment is visible in proposed east wing; remains of probable retaining wall along top of ledge at south edge of No. 138

139

probable kiva/roomblock complex: kiva location indicated by open "flat spot"; rubble and wall alignments to west may indicate roomblock; traces of retaining wall to south and southeast

140

probable kiva/roomblock complex with well-developed retaining wall of large slabs and boulders at south edge; probable kiva location indicated by open "flat spot" in slope; diffuse rubble scatter surrounds this on the west, north, and east

141

probable kiva location, as indicated by "flat spot" in slope; rubble and probable wall alignment to west; traces of retaining wall on south edge; some rubble concentrations to east and southeast as well (these last merge with the rubble from No. 142)

142

collapsed tower with a circular floor plan, as indicated by a conical mound of wall rubble standing at least 1 m high (as measured on the upslope side); wall fall extends downslope to south into No. 143; a large, recent pothole is present in the side of the rubble mound, as is a concentration of pottery sherds that probably were surface-collected elsewhere on the site

143

probable kiva/roomblock complex just southwest of No. 142: kiva location indicated by open "flat spot"; extensive rubble accumulation upslope to north and to west (wall alignments visible in latter area); rubble concentration at south edge of complex may indicate roomblock associated with No. 144, to south-southwest

144

probable kiva/roomblock complex, indicated by well-defined kiva depression surrounded by rubble mounds; the highest mound is south-southwest of the kiva and may indicate a tower or two-story roomblock

145

probable kiva-roomblock complex, indicated by fairly well defined kiva depression surrounded by wall rubble, which is most concentrated on the west, north, and east; on the west, No. 145 merges with No. 146, the remains of a tower, which may have been part of the No. 145 architectural complex

146

roughly conical rubble mound with depression in center, indicating a freestanding tower; some wall outlines visible, which suggests that this structure had a square plan; feature may have been part of the No. 145 architectural complex

147

open area that may indicate a plaza; bounded by retaining/defining walls on north and west, by the No. 145-146 architectural complex on east, and low linear rubble concentration on south

148

wall alignment and sparse rubble on boulder indicating remains of probable rectangular room or tower; located at east edge of drainage and west edge of No. 147; very eroded

149

conical rubble mound indicating probable freestanding tower on east edge of drainage; visible wall alignments indicate circular plan; No. 127, a large retaining wall, connects with No. 149 from the north, and several retaining or enclosing walls also extend south and southwest from the probable tower

150

probable wall alignment of large blocks visible at west edge of west leg of No. 151; can be considered part of No. 151

151

L-shaped earthen ridge with some rock rubble present as well; presence of much more earth than rock distinguishes this from typical rubble mounds at the site; not clear whether this feature indicates the presence of surface rooms, and the presence of a well-defined masonry wall alignment (No. 150) at the west end only adds to the ambiguity

152-153

probable kiva/roomblock complex, represented by two large, shallow depressions and a T-shaped earth-and-rubble mound, the "tail" of which separates the two depressions (the T-shaped mound is composed of more dirt than rock and has relatively small stones on its surface; hence, like Nos. 150 and 151, it contrasts with the typical architectural mound at the site, which is composed largely of masonry "wall fall")

154*

fairly well defined midden area with abundant surface artifacts, located just south of Nos. 150 and 151

155

remains of an architectural complex that may have consisted of two towers and an associated kiva: there are two conical masonry rubble mounds linked by a ridge of earth and rock rubble oriented north-northwest to south-southeast (perhaps representing a small, one-room-wide roomblock); a shallow depression possibly indicating a kiva is located just southeast of the northern tower mound

156*

large area of masonry rubble and numerous construction beams on talus slope below Nos. 33 and 51 (and hence below Nos. 48 and 49 also); rubble is probably the result of the collapse of the No. 51 cliff-dwelling complex, with lesser contributions from Nos. 18, 19, 20, and 33 ; numerous construction beams were collected from this area for tree-ring dating

157

probable kiva/roomblock complex just west of No. 132; diffuse rubble concentration on slopes to west, north, and east (especially heavy to west); retaining wall on south edge probably continues east below Nos. 132 and 133

158

possible kiva location just west of No. 144; diffuse rubble to the northeast, but no clear-cut evidence of associated roomblock; open area (possibly another "public" space?) separates No. 158 from No. 149

159

possible kiva location just east of No. 145, as indicated by a subtly expressed "flat spot"; roomblock at east edge of No. 145 could be associated with No. 159 (would be consistent with standard prehistoric Pueblo patterning)

160*

open, slightly depressed area that may indicate a kiva location south of No. 147 and separated from No. 147 by a low linear concentration of rock rubble (possibly a roomblock or perhaps just a defining or retaining wall for No. 147); a more-or-less north-south-trending, poorly defined concentration of rubble, possibly representing a low roomblock, separates No. 160 from No. 161 to the east; No. 160 is bounded on the west by a southward continuation of the retaining wall on the edge of the main drainage that bisects the site

161

an "enclosure just east of No. 160 and south of No. 147, bounded on east by well-defined wall and on south and west by poorly defined, more-or-less linear, rubble concentrations; probably does not contain a kiva (both Nos. 160 and 161 may be "enclosures" rather than kiva/roomblock complexes)