Illustration CreditsTitle Page Photo collage; select image for credit: Top Banner Mesa Verde under stormy sky Photo by Joyce Kramer Introduction Mesa Verde archaeological region Map by Neal Morris; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Aerial view of canyon and vegetation Photo by Dan Mooney; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Sleeping Ute Mountain and sage plain Photo by Joyce Alexander; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Paleoindian Period Possible migration routes from Siberia to North America Copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center; source of information on possible routes: Figures 2.4 and 2.5 in Bones, Boats, and Bison: Archeology and the First Colonization of Western North America, by E. James Dixon, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1999 Paleoindian hunters Courtesy Mesa Verde National Park Mammoth Pen-and-ink drawing by Lee R. Schmidlap, Jr. Bureau of Land Management photograph at http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/more/CRM/heritage_education/history_mystery/ Archaic Period Archaic camp Courtesy Mesa Verde National Park Deer, elk, bighorn sheep, and rabbit Pen-and-ink drawing by Lee R. Schmidlap, Jr. Archaic brush shelter (artist's reconstruction) Adapted, with permission, from Figure A.1 in Windows Into the Past: Crow Canyon Archaeological Center's Guide for Teachers, edited by M. Elaine Davis and Marjorie R. Connolly, Kendall/Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, Iowa, 2000 Archaic brush shelter remains Copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Basin metate and one-hand mano Pen-and-ink drawing by Carole Graham; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Archaic hunting equipment: atlatl, spear, dart Atlatl: copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Split-twig figurine of deer Pen-and-ink drawing by Paul Ermigiotti; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Basketmaker II Period Blue corn Drawing by Paul Ermigiotti; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Corn and squash Photo by Sam Fee; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Deer, elk, bighorn sheep, and rabbit Pen-and-ink drawing by Lee R. Schmidlap, Jr. Basketmaker II pithouse Copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Coiled basket Edge of the Cedars Museum collection; photo by Sam Fee; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Sandal Edge of the Cedars Museum collection; photo by Sam Fee; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Trough metate and two-hand mano Pen-and-ink drawing by Carole Graham; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Pendant and beads on fiber cordage Pen-and-ink drawing by Lee R. Schmidlap, Jr.; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Basketmaker III Period Basketmaker III settlement pattern Copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Beans Photo by Sam Fee; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Corn, beans, and squash Photo by Sam Fee; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Basketmaker III pithouse Copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Basketmaker III farmstead Copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Basketmaker III plain gray ware pottery vessels Pen-and-ink drawing by Lee R. Schmidlap, Jr. Basketmaker III white ware pottery vessels Pen-and-ink drawing by Lee R. Schmidlap, Jr. Bow and arrow Copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Pueblo I Period Late Pueblo I settlement pattern Copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Pueblo I farmstead Courtesy Mesa Verde National Park Turkey Pen-and-ink drawing by Lee R. Schmidlap, Jr. Pueblo I village Adapted from Figure 1.8 in McPhee Community Cluster Introduction, by Allen E. Kane (in Dolores Archaeological Program: Anasazi Communities at Dolores: McPhee Village, edited by Allen E. Kane and Christine K. Robinson, pp. 2–59, Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center, Denver, 1988) Pueblo I pithouse (cross section) Pen-and-ink drawing by Lew Matis; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Pueblo I pithouse (map) Copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Neckbanded gray ware pottery vessels Pen-and-ink drawing by Lee R. Schmidlap, Jr. Pueblo I white ware painted designs Pen-and-ink drawing by Lee R. Schmidlap, Jr. Pueblo I projectile point Pen-and-ink drawing by Carole Graham; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Pueblo II Period Late Pueblo II settlement pattern Copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Checkdam Photo by Sara Kelly; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Pueblo II farmstead Pen-and-ink drawing by Lew Matis; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Kiva interior Pen-and-ink drawing by Jane Baigent; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Pueblo II projectile points Pen-and-ink drawing by Carole Graham; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Corrugated gray ware pottery vessels Pen-and-ink drawing by Lee R. Schmidlap, Jr. Pueblo II white ware painted designs Pen-and-ink drawing by Lee R. Schmidlap, Jr. Pueblo III Period Pueblo III cliff dwelling Courtesy Mesa Verde National Park Corn, beans, and squash Photo by Sam Fee; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Checkdam Photo by Sara Kelly; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Early Pueblo III farmstead Copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Sand Canyon Pueblo Copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Spruce Tree House and Square Tower House at Mesa Verde National Park Courtesy Mesa Verde National Park Pueblo III white ware vessels Pen-and-ink drawing by Lee R. Schmidlap, Jr. Metate bins with slab metates and two-hand manos Photo by Sam Fee; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Pueblo III axe Pen-and-ink drawing by Lee R. Schmidlap, Jr.; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Post-Pueblo Period Overview: Ancestral Pueblo, Ute, and Navajo migrations Map by Neal Morris; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Today’s pueblos Map by Neal Morris; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Pueblo: Post–A.D. 1300 pueblo in the Rio Grande valley: Arroyo Hondo Reprinted with modifications, by permission, from Figure 2 in The Past Climate of Arroyo Hondo, New Mexico, Reconstructed from Tree Rings, by Martin R. Rose, Jeffrey S. Dean, and William P. Robinson; copyright © 1983 by the School for Advanced Research, Santa Fe, New Mexico Pueblo glaze ware pottery vessel Courtesy Museum of Indian Arts and Culture/Laboratory of Anthropology, Santa Fe, New Mexico (MIAC catalog no. 43893/11) Ute: Ute wickiup, artist's reconstruction (left) and archaeological remains (right) Left: Adapted, with permission, from Figure A.1 in Windows Into the Past: Crow Canyon Archaeological Center's Guide for Teachers, edited by M. Elaine Davis and Marjorie R. Connolly, Kendall/Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, Iowa, 2000 Ute pottery sherds U.S. Forest Service photograph at http://www.fs.fed.us/r4/ashley/heritage/publications/numic-transitions.pdf (Figure 2 in "Fremont Numic Traditions," by Byron Loosle and Michelle Knoll; paper presented at the Rocky Mountain Anthropological Conference, Estes Park, Colorado, September 2003) Ute projectile point Photo by Jonathan Till; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Navajo: Four sacred mountains of the Dinétah Map by Neal Morris; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Map of forked-pole hogan Adapted, with permission, from Figure 3.9 in Site LA72746, by Michael Dice and Leslie M. Sesler (in Archaeological Investigations in the Fruitland Project Area: Late Archaic, Basketmaker, Pueblo I, and Navajo Sites in Northwestern New Mexico, Volume IV: The Early Navajo Sites, Parts I and II: The Dinétah Phase Sites, compiled by Timothy D. Hovezak and Leslie M. Sesler, pp. 35–94, La Plata Archaeological Consultants Research Papers, no. 4, La Plata Archaeological Consultants, Dolores, Colorado, 2002) (map by Neal Morris) Navajo pueblito Photo by Leslie Sesler Navajo projectile point Borrowed, with permission, from Figure 2.67 in Prehistoric and Protohistoric Lithic Technologies in the Fruitland Study Area, by Timothy D. Hovezak and Leslie M. Sesler (in Archaeological Investigations in the Fruitland Project Area: Late Archaic, Basketmaker, Pueblo I, and Navajo Sites in Northwestern New Mexico, Volume V: Material Culture, Bioarchaeological and Special Studies, compiled by Timothy D. Hovezak and Leslie M. Sesler, pp. 49–185, La Plata Archaeological Consultants Research Papers, no. 4, La Plata Archaeological Consultants, Dolores, Colorado, 2002) Navajo pottery sherds Photo by Jonathan Till Spanish: Dominguez-Escalante Expedition of 1776 Map by Neal Morris; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center; source of information on route: Dominguez and Escalante Expedition Year 1776; Uintah Basin Teaching American History at http://www.uintahbasintah.org/jdandemain.htm Courtesy Museum of the American West, Autry National Center; 88.127.33 Spanish colonial chest from New Mexico Courtesy Palace of the Governors Photo Archives (NMHM/DCA), 065701 Historic Period Overview: Ute and Navajo population movements Map by Neal Morris; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Pueblo: Walpi Pueblo Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, Bortell, X-30818 Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, Charles A. Nast, X-30779 Zuni man weaving on loom Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, X-30906 Potter Maria Martinez Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, X-30273 Albuquerque Indian School Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, Continent Stereoscopic Company, Z-3671 Ute: Ute camp Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, X-30353 Towaoc Agency Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, X-30657 Ute horsemen, brush shelter, teepee Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, H. S. Poley, P-81 Utes on horseback, Sleeping Ute Mountain in background Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, X-30681 Ute children at boarding school Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, X-30667 Beaded cradleboard Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, H. S. Poley, P-392 Beaded buckskin Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, H. S. Poley, P-563 Bear Dance Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, X-30596 Navajo: Forked-pole hogan Borrowed, with permission, Figure 4.17 in Patterns in Prehistoric, Protohistoric and Early Historic Architecture in New Mexico's Upper San Juan Basin, by Timothy D. Hovezak and Leslie M. Sesler (in Archaeological Investigations in the Fruitland Project Area: Late Archaic, Basketmaker, Pueblo I, and Navajo Sites in Northwestern New Mexico, Volume V: Material Culture, Bioarchaeological and Special Studies, compiled by Timothy D. Hovezak and Leslie M. Sesler, pp. 265–306, La Plata Archaeological Consultants Research Papers, no. 4, La Plata Archaeological Consultants, Dolores, Colorado, 2002) (photo by Leslie Sesler) Circular masonry hogan Used by permission of Fort Lewis College, Center of Southwest Studies, Southwest Colorado General Photograph Collection, SWP 001 IV-02-10 S. E. Day's Indian Trading Post Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, Ben Wittick, X-32604 Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, Frashers Fotos, X-33177 Weaving a rug on a loom Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, Jesse L. Nusbaum, N-338 Navajo silversmith Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, William M. Pennington, X-33039 Students at Methodist Indian Mission Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, H. S. Poley, P-1421 Navajo captives, Bosque Redondo United States Army Signal Corps, courtesy Palace of the Governors Photo Archives (NMHM/DCA), 028534 Spanish: Hesperus Peak along the Old Spanish Trail Photo by Bill Proud Other Peoples of European Descent: Members of the 1871 Hayden Expedition Copyright Colorado Historical Society (F-12188), all rights reserved Narrow gauge train Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, Otto C. Perry, OP-7854 Main Street, Cortez, Colorado, circa 1900–1920 Copyright Colorado Historical Society (Denver and Rio Grande Collection, CHS.X5324), all rights reserved Stagecoaches Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, Louis Charles McClure (William Henry Jackson), MCC-2869 Making camp Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, X-21030 Woman in doorway of farmhouse Courtesy Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, Thomas Michael McKee, Z-1368 Today Overview: Mesa Verde region today, with locations of American Indian reservations Map by Neal Morris; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Montezuma County in the Mesa Verde region Map by Neal Morris; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Pueblo: Today's pueblos Map by Neal Morris; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Hopi man and woman Photo by Karen R. Adams Hopi pottery vessel Photo by Jeanne Fitzsimmons; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Pueblo dancer Photo by Wendy Mimiaga; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Pueblo visitor to ancient site in Mesa Verde region Photo by Victoria Atkins, courtesy Anasazi Heritage Center, Dolores, Colorado Ute: Ute Mountain Casino Photo by Rebecca Hammond Tractor in field Photo by Paul Evans Man and woman at Bear Dance Photo by Wendy Mimiaga Photo by Wendy Mimiaga Ute potter Photo by Rebecca Hammond Canteen vessel Photo by Rebecca Hammond Dish with teepee design Photo by Rebecca Hammond Ute Mountain Ute Tribal Complex Photo by Rebecca Hammond Navajo: Navajo woman selling rugs and jewelry Photo by Joyce Alexander; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Navajo Code Talkers Photo by Donovan Quintero; copyright Navajo Times Navajo woman making and selling jewelry Photo by Joyce Alexander; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Contemporary Navajo pottery vessel Photo by Jeanne Fitzsimmons; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Navajo students at Crow Canyon Photo by Ginnie Dunlop; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Peoples of European Descent: Main Street, Cortez, 2008 Photo by Joyce Alexander; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Farmers market Photo by Joyce Alexander; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Fountain in park Photo by Joyce Alexander; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Bean warehouse Photo by Grant Coffey; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center Cortez Recreation Center Photo by Joyce Alexander; copyright Crow Canyon Archaeological Center |
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Title page for Peoples of the Mesa Verde Region
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